Timeline Of When Each Local Western Church Fell From Grace (Great Schism)

[haralampopoulosjc]

Poland: Casimir I the Restorer (r. 1040–1058) was definitely an Orthodox monarch (his wife was Maria Dobroniega of Kiev, the daughter of Saint Vladimir of Kiev). He also supported the Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec, which used a Slavonic Western Rite liturgy. However his son, Bolesław II the Bold, was a partisan of the Hildebrandian party during the Investiture Controversy, so his coronation as king of Poland in 1075 could be considered to be a tentative date for the fall of Orthodoxy in Poland. However, the expulsion of the Monks of Tyniec in 1096, and their replacement by Latin monks could be considered the cutoff. These expulsions coincided with the rule of Polish Duke Władysław I Herman, who attributed the birth of his first boy to the help of the Benedictines of Saint Gilles in southern France to whom he had earlier sent great riches asking for intercession for the birth of a healthy child.

Archbishop Aron of Krakow was an Orthodox bishop, given that he was the first Abbot of the Tyniec monastery. He arrived in Poland probably from Cologne, where the Archbishop was Hermann (who was a notable opponent of Cardinal Humbert).

[haralampopoulosjc]

There seems to be a common theme here with the sons of Orthodox monarchs during the Investiture Controversy, implementing the Gregorian Reforms after the repose of their fathers:

Spain: Ferdinand I of León was an Orthodox monarch who was perhaps a protector of the Mozarabic Christian community in Toledo. In 1058, the last known Mozarabic bishop of Toledo, Pascual, was consecrated in León. However, his three sons (Alfonso VI of León and Castile, García II of Galicia, and Sancho II of Castile and León) sought the assistance of the Hildebrandian Papacy in the Reconquista, and implemented many of the Gregorian Reforms (Alfonso VI, for example, replaced the Mozarabic or Toledan rite with the Roman one. In this respect, it is a common legend that Alfonso VI took Mozarabic and Roman breviaries and threw them into the fire. When only the Roman breviary burned, the king threw the Mozarabic one into the fire, thus imposing the Roman rite). Amazing. There was literally a miracle from God, which demonstrated that the Mozarabic liturgy was the proper liturgy for Spanish Christians, and Alfonso simply disregarded it and continued to impose the Roman Rite.

France: Henry I of France was an Orthodox monarch. His wife was Anne of Kiev, daughter of Saint Yaroslav the Wise. Their son, Philip I of France, however, submitted to Pope Paschal II in 1104, although he had recently been a supporter of the anti-Hildebrandian bishop Manasses of Rheims.

Poland: As explained in the previous post, Casimir I the Restorer (r. 1040–1058) was an Orthodox monarch (his wife was Maria Dobroniega of Kiev, the daughter of Saint Vladimir of Kiev). However his two sons and successive Dukes of Poland Bolesław II the Bold and Władysław I Herman were both pro-Reform monarchs, (the latter oversaw the expulsion of the Slavonic Western Rite monks at Tyniec abbey, and their replacement by Latin monks).

[haralampopoulosjc]

Bohemia (Czechia): Sázava Monastery was a Byzantine Rite Slavonic monastery in Bohemia, established by Bretislaus I, Duke of Bohemia, around 1032. The monastery is the site of the hermitage of Saint Procopius of Sázava (d. 1052). The Slavonic Rite Mass was also still in use here, as in Tyniec. In 1056, Duke Spytihněv II had the monks expelled from the abbey. The monks found sanctuary in Hungary until 1061, when Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia had them returned to the abbey. In December 1096, the monks were expelled for the second time by Duke Bretislav II, marking the end of the Byzantine Rite in the Czech lands. It was forcibly transferred to the Latin rite in 1097, but remained a monastery until its destruction during the Hussite Wars in 1421.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

A correction i have to make about Ireland, I meant to say the Synod of Ráth Breasail was soliciting help against the Norse not the Normans. It began the introduction of the Gregorian Reforms to Ireland but was not finalized until the Second Synod of Cashel in 1172 under the presidency of the Bishop of Lismore Christian O’Connor and the patronage of the Norman King Henry II of England who was given permission by Pope Adrian IV in the bull Laudabiliter to invade Ireland at the request of the King of Leinster Diarmait Mac Murchada against his rival the High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair

haralampopoulosjc you touched on the theme of faithless sons introducing the Gregorian Reforms. I would like to add a common theme of the Gregorian Reforms being forced by Norman invaders. The Norman invasions of Ireland, Wales, Scotland (The Davidian Revolution), Southern Italy, Malta, Carthagian Region of Africa, Cyprus, Galilee, Cilicia, Antioch, Tripoli, and the Balkans (which led to the establishment of the Latin kingdoms, Latin Patriarchs, and the Venetian presence and influence in the eastern Mediterranean)

The question I've always wondered is why the Normans were so gung ho about the Gregorian Reforms.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

It appears that the last Bishop of Carthage Cyriacus in 1076 was in communion with Pope Gregory VII. The Christian community of Carthage was totally wiped out in 1152.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

From what I'm reading it seems like Hungary fell during the reign of King Coloman of Hungary 1096-1116

"Coloman and his younger brother Álmos were underage when their father Géza I died, their uncle Ladislaus I ascended the throne in 1077. Ladislaus prepared Coloman who was "half-blind and humpbacked", according to late medieval Hungarian chronicles for a church career, and Coloman was eventually appointed bishop of Eger or Várad (Oradea, Romania) in the early 1090s. The king's decision was unusual as Coloman was older than Álmos and elder brothers were rarely ordained priests. In preparation for his clerical life, Coloman learnt to read and write and acquired a good knowledge of Latin. His proficiency in canon law was praised in a letter that Pope Urban II addressed to him in 1096. The dying King Ladislaus preferred Álmos to Coloman when nominating his heir in early 1095. Coloman fled from Hungary but returned around 19 July 1095 when his uncle died. The circumstances of his accession to the throne are unknown.The Illuminated Chronicle states that Álmos, "in the true simplicity of his heart honoured his brother, Coloman, and yielded to him the crown of the kingdom", which suggests that he ascended the throne without bloodshed. On the other hand, Coloman was crowned king in early 1096, the delay implying that the two brothers had been fighting for the crown before they reached an agreement. It is also possible, as proposed by Font, that he could only be crowned after Pope Urban II had released him from his clerical vows. He granted the Hungarian Duchy (one-third of the Kingdom of Hungary) to Álmos. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, whom Ladislaus I had supported against Pope Urban II in his last years, wrote a letter to Duke Álmos. The emperor stated that Coloman had neglected imperial interests "because of his own necessities", and asked the duke to intervene on his behalf. Coloman abandoned his predecessor's foreign policy and supported the pope. Historian Gyula Kristó writes that Álmos's close relationship with Emperor Henry IV may also have influenced Coloman's decision. Coloman married Felicia, a daughter of Roger I of Sicily (a close ally of the Holy See) in 1097. Her sister Constance had married Conrad, the elder son of Emperor Henry IV, after he allied with the pope against his father. 

He invaded Croatia in 1097, defeating its last native king Petar Snačić. Consequently, he was crowned king of Croatia in 1102. Coloman invaded Dalmatia in 1105. Following his conquest of Dalmatia, Coloman assumed a new title "King of Hungary, Croatia and Dalmatia" which was first recorded in 1108. Coloman sent envoys to the Council of Guastalla, which had been convoked by Pope Paschal II. In October 1106 the envoys solemnly informed the pope of their king's renunciation of his royal prerogative to appoint the prelates of his realms. According to historians Ferenc Makk and Márta Font, without this declaration the Holy See would not have acknowledged Coloman's conquest of Dalmatia."

[haralampopoulosjc]

It appears that the last Bishop of Carthage Cyriacus in 1076 was in communion with Pope Gregory VII. The Christian community of Carthage was totally wiped out in 1152.

Regarding Cyriacus, perhaps he could be forgiven for not fully understanding the situation in Italy and Europe more broadly at the time. He was being overrun by Muslims after all.

Regarding Ireland, wouldn't the First Synod of Cashel in 1101 be the first instance of the Gregorian Reforms being implemented in Ireland? 1101, 1111, and 1172 seem to be significant dates regarding the fall of the Celtic Church from grace.

High King of Ireland Diarmait mac Máel na mBó (r. 1072) was an Orthodox monarch. The surviving sons of King Harold Godwinson of England escaped to Leinster after the Battle of Hastings in 1066, where they were hosted by Diarmait. In 1068 and 1069, Diarmait lent them the fleet of Dublin for their attempted reconquest of England. In 1068, Diarmait presented another Irish king with Harold's battle standard.