Timeline Of When Each Local Western Church Fell From Grace (Great Schism)

[SavaBeljovic]

Britain: Norman Conquest of 1066, Harold Godwinson, the last Orthodox king of England, was defeated by the Norman-Papist William the Conqueror. Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury, the last Orthodox Archbishop of Canterbury, is succeeded by the Gregorian Reformer, bishop Lanfranc.

Spain: 1080, Pascual de Toledo, the last Mozarabic Orthodox primate of Spain, reposes, and in the same year, the Council of Burgos replaces the traditional Mozarabic Rite with the Roman Rite and implements many of the Gregorian reforms.

Italy: 1100, Wibert of Ravenna (or as he should properly be called once he's canonized, Pope Saint Clement III), reposes, making him the last Orthodox Pope of Rome. He opposed the Gregorian Reforms and was in contact with Metropolitan John of Kiev to heal the schism.

France: 1104, Philip I of France submits to Pope Paschal II.

Germany: 1122, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V signs the Concordat of Worms, submitting to Pope Callixtus II, bringing an end to the Investiture Controversy with a decisive victory for the Papists.

Very good work. I would say Germany (probably) capitulated to Hildebrandism prior to 1122, but the Concordat of Worms definitely is an event we could point to as being "the last straw" so to speak. All of this matches up with notes from some of my own research, though I will add a note that a dearest brother of ours, Timotheos in Chicago (there's a documentary about him on YouTube on the "Greek Orthodox Television" channel) suspects Orthodoxy may have lasted longer in Hispania than 1080.

When he visited us here in Louisiana last year, while I was with him in New Orleans he spoke about how when he visited the Basque country (where his ancestors are from) there's a cliff near where an ancient monastery stood, and on a rock near that cliff was an inscription that read: "In 1134 36 monks were thrown off this cliff for being like the Greeks" (i.e. they were Orthodox).

Southern Hispania was placed invariably under the Patriarch of Alexandria, but I would say the Synod of Burgos is definitely a good "cut off point" for historiographical reasons.

[SavaBeljovic]

Yes, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V submitted to Pope Paschal II, who performed his coronation in 1111, after deposing the anti-Hildebrandian "anti-Pope" Sylvester IV. The Concordat of Worms just has a sense of finality to it.

How long was Southern Hispania under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Alexandria for? Fascinating, this is the first I've heard of this.

I am no expert on Spanish history, but I know certain Sultans/Emirs/Caliphs would place all the Christians of al-Andalusia under the Patriarchate of Alexandria for political reasons. I believe this would have continued up until the latter time of the Reconquista (mid 13th century) with the collapse of the Almohad Caliphate, as the last few Muslim states in Hispania (namely the Emirate of Grenada) after the battle of Las Nevas de Tolosa essentially existed as client states of the Christian (Papist) Kingdom of Castille, who would have demanded all Christians be placed under Rome.

I can ask Timotheos next time I call him certainly for his input, as his knowledge of Spanish history far exceeds my own.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

Unfortunately I have to add I know when Ireland fell and why because it was my family that did it. It was Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111 under the presidency of the Bishop of Limerick Gillebert and under the patronage of the High King of Ireland Muirchertach O’Brien. It was this Council that enforced the Gregorian Reforms on Ireland. They did so with the hope that they could gain the pope's support in their fight against the Normans and to legitimize their reign as High King which a few kings back my great so many times uncle High King Brian Boru usurped from the O'Neils. My family the Dalcassians had a history of power grabbing and usurpation so this was just par for the course.

Also to note that at this time Britain wasn't one country and I don't know if it was one synod. Wales and Scotland were still independent before the Norman conquest.

[SavaBeljovic]

Unfortunately I have to add I know when Ireland fell and why because it was my family that did it. It was Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111 under the presidency of the Bishop of Limerick Gillebert and under the patronage of the High King of Ireland Muirchertach O’Brien. It was this Council that enforced the Gregorian Reforms on Ireland. They did so with the hope that they could gain the pope's support in their fight against the Normans and to legitimize their reign as High King which a few kings back my great so many times uncle High King Brian Boru usurped from the O'Neils. My family the Dalcassians had a history of power grabbing and usurpation so this was just par for the course.

Also to note that at this time Britain wasn't one country and I don't know if it was one synod. Cornwall, Wales, and Scotland were still independent before the Norman conquest.

That's fascinating you're related to Blessed Brian Boru! I have always considered him to be a Saint personally as many other people do. I might have several questions for you since I am a student of Irish history.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

That's fascinating you're related to Blessed Brian Boru! I have always considered him to be a Saint personally as many other people do. I might have several questions for you since I am a student of Irish history.

I am a direct descendant of his brother Eichtigern. I know of other people in the family we consider saints, though hearing that there is a cultus for Brian Boru is new to me. I'm big into history and genealogy so we can compare notes anytime.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

A correction i have to make about Ireland, I meant to say the Synod of Ráth Breasail was soliciting help against the Norse not the Normans. It began the introduction of the Gregorian Reforms to Ireland but was not finalized until the Second Synod of Cashel in 1172 under the presidency of the Bishop of Lismore Christian O’Connor and the patronage of the Norman King Henry II of England who was given permission by Pope Adrian IV in the bull Laudabiliter to invade Ireland at the request of the King of Leinster Diarmait Mac Murchada against his rival the High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair

haralampopoulosjc you touched on the theme of faithless sons introducing the Gregorian Reforms. I would like to add a common theme of the Gregorian Reforms being forced by Norman invaders. The Norman invasions of Ireland, Wales, Scotland (The Davidian Revolution), Southern Italy, Malta, Carthagian Region of Africa, Cyprus, Galilee, Cilicia, Antioch, Tripoli, and the Balkans (which led to the establishment of the Latin kingdoms, Latin Patriarchs, and the Venetian presence and influence in the eastern Mediterranean)

The question I've always wondered is why the Normans were so gung ho about the Gregorian Reforms.

[BenjaminMcCraw]

It appears that the last Bishop of Carthage Cyriacus in 1076 was in communion with Pope Gregory VII. The Christian community of Carthage was totally wiped out in 1152.