Notes for the 32nd Sunday after Pentecost, Sunday after Theophany
Matins Gospel Notes:
John 21:1-14
21:2Saint Gregory the Great: "We must note that the Lord is described as having had His final banquet with seven disciples. Why did He do this if not to declare that only those filled with the sevenfold grace of the Holy Spirit (Is. 11:2,3) would be with Him at His eternal meal?...Paul most truthfully proclaims, 'Now if anyone doth not have the Spirit of Christ, this same one is not of Him (Rom. 8:9).' What he means is that no one, not now governed by the God Who dwells within, shall afterwards rejoice at the sight of the divine glory." [Ib., 185,186.] (ONT. p. 554)
21:3 Saint Gregory the Great: "Jesus, the Truth said, 'No one, having put his hand upon the plow, and looking to the things behind, is fit for the kingdom of God(Lk.9:62).' Why did Peter return to what he had abandoned? We know that Peter was a fisherman, whereas Matthew was a taxcollector. Peter returned to fishing after his conversion, but Matthew did not again sit down to his business of tax collecting, because it is one thing to make a living by fishing, and another to increase one's gains by money from the tax office. There are many occupations we cannot practise either partially or completely without sin. No one is allowed to take up again, after his conversion, those occupations that are involved with sin." [Hom. 24, Forty Gospel Homilies, 180; cf. Hom. 24, P.L. 76 (col. 1184).] (ONT. p. 554-555)
21:4 Saint Gregory the Great: "'Jesus stood on the seashore.' Before His resurrection He walked on the waves of the sea in His disciples' sight (Mt. 14:25). What does the sea indicate but the present age, which is disturbed by the uproar of circumstances and the commotion of this perishable life? What does the solidity of the shore signify but the uninterrupted continuance of eternal peace? Since the disciples were still held in the waves of this mortal life, they were laboring on the sea. But since our Redeemer had already passed beyond His perishable body, after His resurrection He stood on the shore as if He were speaking to His disciples by His actions of the mystery of His resurrection." [Ib.] (ONT. p. 555)
21:6 Saint Gregory the Great: "We read twice in the holy Gospel that the Lord ordered that nets be let down for fishing. In the earlier catch(Lk. 5:4-6), before the Passion, He did not say whether the net be cast on the right side or the left; and so many fish were taken that the nets were torn. In the later catch, after the resurrection, He ordered the net be let down on the right side; and though many fish were taken, the nets were not torn. The good are designated by the right side and the wicked on the left(Matt. 25:33). The earlier catch signifies the Church in the present time, when she takes along the good with the wicked. She does not choose those she brings in, because she is ignorant of those whom she can choose. The later catch takes place on the right side, since only the Church of the elect, which will possess nothing of the works on the left side, will come to see the glory of His brightness. In the earlier catch the net was broken because the number of the wicked now enters with the elect, and they tear the Church apart with their heresies. In the later catch many large fish are caught, and the net is untorn, because the holy Church of the elect remains in the uninterrupted peace of her Creator and no dissension tears her apart." [Ib., 181, 182.] (ONT. p. 555)
21:9 Saint Gregory the Great: "The One Who wished to be broiled by the turmoil of His Passion in His human nature fed us with the bread of His divinity when He said, 'I am the bread, the living one, that came down out of heaven(Jn. 6:51).' And so He ate broiled fish and bread to show us by this food that He bore His Passion in our human nature, and also provided food for us in His divine nature." [Ib., 184] (ONT. p. 555-556)
21:11a Saint Gregory the Great: "Because the Church's preacher was to part us from the waves of this world, it was surely necessary that Peter bring the net full of fish to land. He dragged the fish to the firm ground of the shore, because by his preaching He revealed to the faithful the stability of our eternal home. He accomplished this through his words and letters, and he accomplishes it daily by his miraculous signs." [Ib.,182] (ONT. p. 556)
21:11b Saint Gregory the Great: "The number has a deep and mysterious meaning. You know that in the Old Testament every work is prescribed by the ten commandments, but in the New Testament the power of the same work is given to the increased number of faithful through the sevenfold grace of the Holy Spirit, which the prophet foretells: 'The Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and strenght, the Spirit of knowledge and godliness shall fill him, the Spirit of the fear of God (Is. 11:2,3).' A person acquires the ability to work in this Spirit who acknowledges faith in the Trinity. All of our work can be comprised by ten and seven. Let us multiply this seventeen by three, and we have fifty-one. In the Old Testament this number possessed a deep and mysterious meaning. In the fiftieth year the entire people is to rest from work, and is called a jubilee (Lev. 25:10-12). True rest though consists in unity since what is one cannot be divided. Where there is division and separation there is no true rest. Let us multiply fifty-one bye three and we have one hundred and fifty-three. Because all our work, practised through belief in the Trinity, tends toward rest. We multiply seventeen by three to arrive at fifty-one, and our true rest exists when even now we recognize the glory of the Trinity, which we hold as certainly existing in the unity of the divinity. And so the net that was let down after the Lord's resurrection was suited to catch a number of fish that would indicate the elect in our celestial home." [Ib.,182,183.] (ONT. p. 556)
Liturgy Gospel Notes:
Luke 19:1-10
19:3 Saint Kyril: "He had sought to see Him, but the multitude prevented him, not so much that of the people, as of his sins. He was of little stature, not merely in a bodily point of view, but also spiritually. In no other way could he see Him, unless he were raised up from the earth. Now the story contains an enigma: for in no other way can a man see Christ and believe in Him, except by mounting up into the sycamore, by rendering foolish his members which are upon the earth, fornication, uncleanness, etc." [Ib., 505, 506.]
Saint Ambrose: "Zacchaeos is small of stature, that is, he is not tall with any dignity of innate nobility; he is poor in merits like the people of the nations who, having heard of the coming of our Lord, desired to see Him Whom his own had not received." [Ib., Bk. VIII, paragraph 81.] "As long as he is in the crowd, Zacchaeos does not see Christ; he climbs above the crowd and sees Him, namely, having transcended base ignorance, he deserved to perceive Him for Whom he longed." [Ib.,Bk. VIII, paragraph 88.] (ONT. p. 377)
19:4a Saint Ambrose: "None easily sees Jesus, none standing alone upon earth can see Jesus....He climbed up the sycamore tree, indeed, trampling the vanity of the Jews beneath his feet and also correcting the mistakes of a former age; and, therefore, he received Jesus in the hospitality of his inner house. He fittingly climbed a tree, so that a good tree would bring forth good fruits. Cut from a natural wild olive and grafted against nature onto a good olive tree [cf. Rom. 11:24], he could bring forth the fruit of the law; for the root is holy, although the branches are useless [cf. Rom. 11:16,17], whose barren glory the people of the nations transcended through faith in the resurrection, as if by the elevation of the body." [Ib., Bk. VIII, paragraph 81.] (ONT. p. 377)
19:4b Saint Ambrose: "He fittingly added, 'He was about to pass through that way'; for He had come thus, so that He would pass through the Jews to the Gentiles." [Ib., Bk. VIII, paragraph 89.]
Saint Kyril: "Christ, it says, was about to pass by the sycamore; for having taken for His path the conduct of life which is by the law, that is, the fig tree, He chose the foolish things of the world, that is, the Cross and death. And everyone who takes up his cross, and follows Christ's conduct of life, is saved, performing the law with understanding, which so becomes a fig tree not bearing figs, but follies. For the secret conduct of the faithful seems to the Jews to be folly."[Ib., 506.] (ONT. p. 377-378 )
19:5 Saint Ambrose: "He saw Zaccaeos high up, for he already stood out in loftiness of faith amid the fruits of new works as if at the top of a fertile tree....He was at the top of the tree, because he was above the law. Already beyond the law, he abandoned his goods and followed the Lord." [Ib., Bk. VIII, paragraph 90.] (ONT. p. 378 )
19:8 Saint Kyril: "He who lately was a tax collector, or rather the chief of the tax collectors, gives up covetousness. He becomes merciful and devoted to charity. He promises that he will distribute his wealth to those who are in need, that he will make restoration to those who have been defrauded [cf. Ex. 22:1]." [Ib., 507.] (ONT. p. 378 )
Sunday after Theophany Gospel and Epistle Notes:
Eph. 4:7-13
4:8 Cf. Ps. 67(68 ):19(18 ). Blessed Jerome: "It is written in the psalm, 'Thou didst receive gifts among men.' Why this difference? Since in the psalm the act had not yet occured but was promised in the future, the phrase was accordingly, 'He received.' But the apostle is seeing this as a promise earlier given and later fulfilled. At this time of writting, Christ has already made the gift and churches have been established throughout the world. Accordingly, He is said to have already given to humanity rather than to have received gifts among humanity." ["Epistle to the Ephesians," 2.4.8, P.L. 26:498B (612-613), cited in ACC, VIII:163, 164.] (ONT. p. 283)
4:10 Blessed Jerome: "The Son of God descended to the lower parts of the earth and ascended above all the heavens, so that He might fulfill not only the law and the prophets but also certain hidden dispensations which only the Father knew. He also descended to the lower parts and ascended to heaven, so that He might bring fulfillment to those who were in those regions, so far as they were able to receive. From this we know that before Christ descended and ascended everything was void and in need of His fullness." ["Epistle to the Ephesians," 2.4.10, P.L. 26.499BC (614), cited in ACC, VIII:164,165.]
Saint Kyril of Alexandria: "For as one of us, though He knew not death, He went down into death through His own flesh in order that we might also go up with Him to life. For He came to life again, having despoiled the nether world, not as a man like us, but as God incarnate among us and above us. Our nature was greatly enriched with immortality in Him first, and death was crushed when it assaulted the body of Life as an enemy. For just as it conquered in Adam, so it was defeated in Christ....The heavens were made accessible to those on earth." ["Letter 1(38 )," FC, 76:32,33.] (ONT. p. 283)
4:11 Blessed Jerome: "He has not allotted different offices to sheperds and teachers. He means that he who is a sheperd should at the same time be a teacher. No one in the Church, even a saintly person, unless he can teach those whom he feeds, should take to himself the name of sheperd." ["Epistle to the Epesians," 2.4.11-12, P.L. 26:500B (615), in ACC, VIII:166.] (ONT. p. 284)
4:13 Saint Symeon the New Theologian: "All those who are foreknown by God must be born, come into being, before the world beyond our world, the world of the Church, of the Firstborn, of the heavenly Jerusalem, is filled up. Then shall the end come and the fullness of the body of Christ be complete, through those who are foreordained by God to become conformed to the image of His Son. They are the sons of light and of His day. These are the foreordained who are inscribed and numbered, who shall be added and joined to the body of Christ. And then-whenas it were the whole is realized, when no member is lacking-it shall be fulfilled, completed, as in truth it appeared to the Apostle Paul when he said: 'Until we all might come to...a perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of the Christ.'" ["The Church and the Last Things," On the Mystical Life: The Ethical Discourses, Vol. I, First Discourse, VIII:51.] (ONT. p. 284)
Matt. 4:12-17
4:15 Cf. Is. 9:1; Lk. 1:79. (ONT. p. 81)