Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Barbara
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Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Appropriate for today's Feast of the Royal Martyrs of Russia, 100th anniversary from tragic date of July 17, 1918

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Russian Maids of Honor
An Academy at Moscow Where They Are Trained — Must be Able to Sew, Read Aloud for Hours and Stand for Indefinite Periods

Speaking of the Russian schools, there is one academy at Moscow which is unique in its way. I am sure that a similar institution does not exist in any other country, says the Philadelphia Times. "It is a school for young ladies of high birth, whose parents desire that they shall become Maids of Honor at the Imperial Court.

.... In Russia there are several institutions which retain an oriental flavor and the fact that the Czarina is always surrounded by an imposing bevy of unmarried women is a case in point. At least fifty young women, all the daughters of great Nobles pay her personal service. They are in two ranks, "Cipher" and "Portrait," distinctions which I will presently explain.

Candidates for the position of Maids of Honor to the Empress have their names registered by a Court official, whose title might be translated as "Overseer of the Maids." This is often done a day or two after the birth of the aspiring young ladies. At the age of ten they enter the official school of the Maids of Honor and there they are taught everything pertaining to the Court, as well as everything that goes to make a well-educated young gentlewoman.

The girls must acquire the art of legible writing and be able to correspond fluently not only in Russian, but in English, German, French and Italian. They must be able to take dictation in all those languages rapidly. They are also expected to become familiar not only with the routine etiquette of their own and foreign Courts, but they must learn rules of prudence, delicate distinctions of rank and other intricacies of Court life, almost impossible to explain to those who have not been born in the atmosphere of the purple.

Future Maids of Honor are also required to be not only clever at embroidery but capable, if necessary, of ordinary domestic stitching. While in attendance there are always possibilities of a ready needle being required for the Empress or a Grand Duchess. They are also expected to know how to order a dinner and how to direct cooks in the way of preparing dishes favored by Imperial personages. They must have a capacity of being able to read aloud for hours if necessary, without undue fatigue; being able to stand for indefinite periods; of being able to receive snubbings, scoldings, even abuse with patient composure, and finally they must inculcate within them the fact that an Empress or Grand Duchess is a personage almost divine in attribute.

Image
I moved the article's illustration to this juncture which seems to fit here better

All these accomplishments acquired —or apparently acquired— it remains with a Maid of Honor lastly to be of such favor in her features, her general appearance and her dress that she enforces attraction from the Empress or from one of the other half-dozen Grand Duchesses of Russia, who are permitted to have the second pick of the Maids of Honor, after the Czarina has finished her own appointment.

Before, however, such appointment can be ratified, the Czar himself inspects the candidates. Indeed, at various periods the Czar makes a point of visiting the school and generally "looks over" the girls. The Czarina's Maids of Honor enjoy a barbaric splendor of costume that far exceeds anything to be seen at any other European Court. A white satin robe stretches from chin to toes, the buttons up the front being set with precious stones. Over this is thrown a sort of red velvet cloak, embroidered with gold and having long pendant sleeves. On their heads rests the kakochnik or national cap of crimson velvet, thickly studded with jewels, from the summit of which hangs a veil of white tulle that spreads half way over the voluminous train. This gorgeous array is donned on all State occasions until the wearer passes from the "Cipher" to the "Portrait" stage of promotion.

The juniors wear for some years on their left shoulders the monogram of their mistress worked in pale blue silk, but after a period of service they substitute for this the portrait of the Empress framed in brilliants and exchange their crimson and gold for a less radiant cap of green and silver.

While receiving their education they wear plain woolen frocks, with frilled silk aprons, but these dresses are so contrived that the upper part of the bodices and the long sleeves can be removed at will. Whenever the Czar visits the schools all the girls appear decollete. — Sacramento Daily Union and Philadelphia Times, 1896

http://etiquipedia.blogspot.com/2017/02 ... uette.html

Explanatory notes :

  1. Decollete was a word in common usage in the 19th century. It refers to how low-cut a dress was [ only within a certain allowance for decency ]. Evening, formal or grand ball attire demanded décolleté gowns. However, unlike more recent times, the appearance was generally tasteful, surrounded by many yards of flowing, graceful gown material. The effect was highly feminine as opposed to cheap, skimpy and masculine as women have increasingly appeared in modern times.
    Thus the Maids of Honor would have looked their most formal out of respect for the Czar, even if he arrived in the middle of the day.

  2. American journalist's word choice was not the best. The Maids of Honor would NOT "inculcate within them" the attitude ; rather they had to internalize it. Inculcation would be a procedure done from outside, as in brainwashing.

3.>>> British and American observers of Russia in previous centuries always reveled in condescendingly terming Russian Court display as 'barbaric'. I never understood this. How about using the word 'baroque' or something specific to describe what is meant ? The word barbaric would suit Genghis Khan's or Tamerlane's attacks on civilized countries across broad swaths of Asia and beyond. Just because the style was opulent or ornate does NOT make it garish !

One also picks up the same strain in discussion of Russian Orthodox churches, interior and exterior. Always disparaging adjectives are employed for the luxuriant adornment. One can sense the austere Puritan and Protestant outlook on the beautiful onion dome, icons and incense, all considered 'barbaric' by such critics.

Analogously, such Anglo-American observers thought the life and dress of the Russian Court were "oriental" in their exuberance.

Just how many "Oriental" Courts had these men visited to enable a fair comparison, one wonders ? Probably exactly none. I see it as a way of trumpeting Anglo-Saxon cultural superiority over the Slavic and the Persian/Moghul/Indian worlds, dealing a blow to 2 major competing centers of civilization with a single belittling statement [ repeated often, of course, so as to INCULCATE the idea in every Western reader ! ] [/color]

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Barbara
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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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I somehow doubt that the Maids of Honor candidates had to learn ALL those foreign languages. French would have been taught to many of them, if not all, as they were growing up in distinguished families. Some might have had additional tutors in English OR German but I can't imagine that any one young lady was expected to be fluent in ALL major foreign tongues used at the time. Today, Spanish would be included...

Probably, each girl had to be conversant in at least one language beyond French and Russian.

By the way, when do we get our Royalty forum so that all these posts could be nicely combined there ?! Rather than lost amongst the weather, volcanic eruptions, other events.

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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Here is a colored-in version of the same photo as above, done 7 years ago.

This, by the way, is Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and one of her Maids of Honor wearing Russian court dress. Another site mislabeled the picture as Tsarina Alexandra and her sister, Grand Duchess Elizabeth. It is clearly St Elizabeth, martyred 100 years ago yesterday in Alapaevsk. How do we know this ? Besides a certain softness to her features which her younger sister Alix, later the Tsarina, did not have, there is the Emerald Tiara ! That tiara was made especially for Grand Duchess Elizabeth in Moscow. Its 7 cabochon emeralds are distinctive.

[ What does cabochon mean ? This word comes from the French 'caboche', knob or small dome.
"In the gemstone world, a cabochon is a stone that is cut with a highly polished, rounded or convex top with no faceting and a flat or slightly domed base. A cabochon may be cut in any shape, though oval is by far the most common." -- internet ]

There are small lilies of the valley in between the emeralds which echo the lilies of the valley that Grand Duchess Elizabeth holds. Perhaps these were a favorite flower of hers. We know that her favorite color was white, so that would make sense.

Image

While English and American observers may have snidely termed the tiara 'barbaric', unfortunately, it brought no good fortune to any of its line of wearers. Grand Duchess Elizabeth gave it to her husband's niece, Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna, for the latter's wedding to a Swedish Prince, but that alliance proved ill-fated. And so on down the line.

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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Non-court, far simpler dress of the Grand Duchess and a lady in waiting is shown here. Note the tiny tiara by contast, and the bustle-style of that general era.

Image
Grand Duchess Elizabeth (left) being helped with her gloves by Maid of Honor Princess Lobanova-Rostovskaya

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Barbara
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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Confirmation about the lilies came from an unusual source : Metropolitan Anastassy, the 2nd First Hierarch of Rocor. He wrote as part of an admiring essay about Grand Duchess Elizabeth for the 7th anniversary of the sad end of her earthly life, which I was reading preparatory to posting here,

She always had about her the scent of lilies; maybe that is why she loved the color white so much—it reflected the brightness of her heart.
http://synod.com/synod/engrocor/enser_m ... rovna.html

Beautifully expressed ! Those Rocor 1st Hierarchs were truly remarkable : talented in so many ways. See the rest of the well-written tribute from a hierarch who actually known the Grand Duchess : http://euphrosynoscafe.com/forum/viewto ... 386#p73386

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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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Though naturally the focus has been on the Romanovs during these July centenary days, I always like to balance things out by including references to or descendants of the earlier dynasty. Here is Princess Elizabeth Nicholaievna Obolensky as Maid of Honor wearing court dress :

Image

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Re: Russian MaidsofHonor at Court: 1896 Sacramento, CA newspaper

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New painting focuses on St Elizabeth in the center, a resolute Nun Barbara [Yakovlev] backing her up. Angels kneel in respect of these two and the other Alapaevsk Martyrs.
Picture won't show up but here is the link for anyone interested :



Note from this post which I had not realized :
" the coffins of the other [Alpaevsk Martyrs] were interred in a former Russian Mission in Beijing, now buried beneath a parking area."
Terrible ! Sounds just like the Optina Elders, whose relics were deliberately buried by the cruel Soviet Communists under the concrete of a garage or mechanic's shop.

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